Occupation: 251111 - Dietitian

(Nutritionist)

Applies the science of human nutrition to help people understand the relationship between food and health and make appropriate dietary choices to attain and maintain health, and to prevent and treat illness and disease.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• planning diets and menus, and instructing people on the requirements and importance of diet and on the planning and preparation of food
• supervising the preparation and serving of meals
• collecting, organising and assessing data relating to health and nutritional status of individuals, groups and communities
• monitoring food intake and quality to provide nutritional care
• calculating nutritional value of food served
• planning, conducting and evaluating nutrition intervention programs and compiling educational material
• providing nutrition assessments, nutrition management, and nutrition education, research and training
• consulting with other Health Professionals and related workers to manage the dietary and nutritional needs of patients

Occupation: 224611 - Librarian

Develops, organises and manages library services such as collections of information, recreational resources and reader information services.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1). Registration or licensing may be required.

Tasks Include:

• developing and implementing library and information policies and services
• examining publications and materials, interviewing publishers' representatives, and consulting with others to select library materials
• reviewing evaluating and modifying services in response to user needs
• providing assistance to clients in accessing library resources
• managing library systems for recording and organising library holdings, acquisitions and purchases, reader registrations and loan transactions, and supervising indexing, filing and retrieval activities
• managing inter-library loan systems and information networks
• undertaking information research activities on behalf of clients
• selecting, ordering, classifying and cataloguing library and information resources
• monitoring collection development and culling programs
• supervising and training other library staff
• may plan and direct library promotion and outreach activities

Specialisations:
Acquisitions Librarian
Audiovisual Librarian
Bibliographer
Cataloguer
Children's Librarian
Corporate Librarian
Legal Librarian
Multicultural Services Librarian
Parliamentary Librarian
Reference Librarian
Special Librarian
Special Needs Librarian

Occupation: 231113 - Flying Instructor

(Ground School Instructor)

Teaches the theory and practical skills of flying aircraft.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is to have a level of skill commensurate with an AQF Diploma or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification. Aeroplane and Helicopter Pilots require a prescribed minimum amount of flying experience in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1). Registration or licensing is required.

Tasks Include:

• preparing and submitting flight plans giving consideration to factors such as weather conditions and aircraft performance
• flying aircraft in accordance with established air traffic control and aircraft operating procedures
• providing flight information for flight crews and air traffic services staff
• controlling aircraft movements, and directing aircraft taxiing, take-offs and landings by radio
• providing pre-flight briefings and aeronautical information services
• completing cockpit preparations and external inspections to determine that aircraft are acceptable for flight
• monitoring aircraft performance and reporting on mechanical condition
• giving in-flight instruction, supervising solo flights, accompanying students on training flights and demonstrating techniques for controlling aircraft

Specialisations:
Gliding Pilot Instructor
Helicopter Pilot Instructor

Occupation: 233111 - Chemical Engineer

Designs and prepares specifications for chemical process systems and the construction and operation of commercial-scale chemical plants, and supervises industrial processing and fabrication of products undergoing physical and chemical changes. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• preparing designs for chemical process systems and planning control systems for processes such as those used to remove and separate components, effect chemical changes, test and evaluate fuels, transfer heat, and control the storing and handling of solids, liquids and gases
• monitoring the operation and maintenance of equipment to achieve maximum efficiency under safe operating conditions
• ensuring correct materials and equipment are used and that they conform to specifications
• diagnosing malfunctions in chemical plants and instituting remedial action
• studying product utilisation and pollution control problems
• reviewing plans for new products and submitting material selection recommendations in accordance with design specifications and factors such as strength, weight and cost
• planning and implementing laboratory operations to develop new materials and fabrication procedures for new materials to fulfil production cost and performance standards
• conferring with producers of materials, such as materials suitable for specific product applications
• reviewing product failure data and implementing laboratory rests to establish or reject possible causes, and advising on ways to overcome any problems

Occupation: 233913 - Biomedical Engineer

Applies knowledge and methodology of physics, engineering, mathematics, computing, physical chemistry and materials science to problems in biology and the treatment and prevention of human disease. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Specialisations:
Bioengineer
Clinical Engineer
Medical Engineer

Occupation: 234512 - Anatomist or Physiologist

Studies the anatomy and physiology of humans.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• designing and conducting experiments, making observations and measurements, researching information, analysing data, preparing or supervising the preparation of laboratory reports and scientific papers, presenting findings at scientific meetings and conferences, and supervising the work of staff
• studying the forms and structures of bodily organs and tissues by systematic observation, dissection and microscopic examination
• investigating the chemical structure and function of living cells and their isolated components, organs and tissues in humans, animals, plants, and micro-organisms
• examing micro-organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, yeast and their enzymes, and using the knowledge gained to create and develop new, and improve existing, products, materials and processes
• investigating the effects of environmental factors, such as rainfall, temperature, sunlight, soil, topography and disease, on plant growth
• planning and undertaking experiments to study, measure and understand marine animals and plants
• studying the growth and characteristics of micro-organisms, such as bacteria, algae and fungi, and the effects they have on plants, animals and humans to develop medical, veterinary, industrial, environmental and other practical applications
• investigating the interrelationships between animals in their natural surroundings, in captivity and in laboratories

Specialisations:
Embryologist
Neuroanatomist

Occupation: 241411 - Secondary School Teacher

Teaches one or more subjects within a prescribed curriculum to secondary school students and promotes students' social, emotional, intellectual and physical development. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• presenting prescribed curriculum using a range of teaching techniques and materials
• developing students' interests, abilities and coordination by way of creative activities
• guiding discussions and supervising work in class
• preparing, administering and marking tests, projects and assignments to evaluate students' progress and recording the results
• discussing individual progress and problems with students and parents, and seeking advice from Student Counsellors and senior teachers
• maintaining discipline in classrooms and other school areas
• participating in staff meetings, educational conferences and workshops
• liaising with parent, community and business groups
• maintaining class and scholastic records
• performing extra-curricular tasks such as assisting with sport, school concerts, excursions and special interest programs
• supervising student teachers on placement

Specialisation:
Secondary School Teacher-Librarian

Occupation: 251211 - Medical Diagnostic Radiographer

(Medical Imaging Technologist)

Operates X-ray and other medical imaging equipment to produce images for medical diagnostic purposes in conjunction with Radiologists or other Medical Practitioners. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• receiving referrals from Medical Practitioners to perform medical imaging and radiation treatment of patients
• determining the appropriate equipment to use, such as X-ray equipment, radiation scanners, fluoroscopes, ultrasound equipment, nuclear instrumentation, angiography equipment and computed tomography (CT) equipment, and selecting the appropriate equipment settings to provide the diagnostic information requested by Medical Practitioners
• calculating details of procedures such as length and intensity of exposure to radiation, size and strength of dosage of isotopes, and settings of recording equipment
• explaining procedures to patients and answering patients' inquiries about processes
• ensuring patients' welfare during procedures
• positioning patients, screens and equipment preparatory to procedures
• viewing the screen and deciding if images are satisfactory for diagnostic purposes, and selecting images to show Medical Practitioners
• conveying findings of procedures to Medical Practitioners

Specialisation:
Magnetic Resonance Technologist

Occupation: 224711 - Management Consultant

(Business Consultant)

Assists organisations to achieve greater efficiency and solve organisational problems.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification and at least 5 years of relevant experience may substitute for the formal qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• assisting and encouraging the development of objectives, strategies and plans aimed at achieving customer satisfaction and the efficient use of organisations' resources
• discussing business and organisational shortcomings with clients
• analysing and evaluating current systems and structures
• discussing current systems with staff and observing systems at all level of organisation
• directing clients towards more efficient organisation and developing solutions to organisational problems
• undertaking and reviewing work studies by analysing existing and proposed methods and procedures such as administrative and clerical procedures
• recording and analysig organisations' work flow charts, records, reports, manuals and job descriptions
• preparing and recommending proposals to revise methods and procedures, alter work flows, redefine job functions and resolve organisational problems
• assisting in implementing approved recommendations, issuing revised instructions and procedure manuals, and drafting other documentation
• reviewing operatng procedures and advising of departures from procedures and standards

Specialisation:
Business Analyst

Occupation: 231114 - Helicopter Pilot

Flies helicopters to transport passengers, mail or freight, or provide agricultural, aviation or aerial surveillance services.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is to have a level of skill commensurate with an AQF Diploma or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification. Aeroplane and Helicopter Pilots require a prescribed minimum amount of flying experience in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1). Registration or licensing is required.

Tasks Include:

• preparing and submitting flight plans giving consideration to factors such as weather conditions and aircraft performance
• flying aircraft in accordance with established air traffic control and aircraft operating procedures
• providing flight information for flight crews and air traffic services staff
• controlling aircraft movements, and directing aircraft taxiing, take-offs and landings by radio
• providing pre-flight briefings and aeronautical information services
• completing cockpit preparations and external inspections to determine that aircraft are acceptable for flight
• monitoring aircraft performance and reporting on mechanical condition
• giving in-flight instruction, supervising solo flights, accompanying students on training flights and demonstrating techniques for controlling aircraft

Occupation: 233112 - Materials Engineer

Investigates the properties of metals, ceramics, polymers and other materials and assesses and develops their engineering and commercial applications. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• preparing designs for chemical process systems and planning control systems for processes such as those used to remove and separate components, effect chemical changes, test and evaluate fuels, transfer heat, and control the storing and handling of solids, liquids and gases
• monitoring the operation and maintenance of equipment to achieve maximum efficiency under safe operating conditions
• ensuring correct materials and equipment are used and that they conform to specifications
• diagnosing malfunctions in chemical plants and instituting remedial action
• studying product utilisation and pollution control problems
• reviewing plans for new products and submitting material selection recommendations in accordance with design specifications and factors such as strength, weight and cost
• planning and implementing laboratory operations to develop new materials and fabrication procedures for new materials to fulfil production cost and performance standards
• conferring with producers of materials, such as materials suitable for specific product applications
• reviewing product failure data and implementing laboratory rests to establish or reject possible causes, and advising on ways to overcome any problems

Occupation: 233914 - Engineering Technologist

Analyses and modifies new and existing engineering technologies and applies them in the testing and implementation of engineering projects. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Specialisations:
Aeronautical Engineering Technologist
Agricultural Engineering Technologist
Biomedical Engineering Technologist
Chemical Engineering Technologist
Industrial Engineering Technologist
Mining Engineering Technologist

Occupation: 234513 - Biochemist

Studies the biochemistry of living organisms and the molecular structure and function of related components.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• designing and conducting experiments, making observations and measurements, researching information, analysing data, preparing or supervising the preparation of laboratory reports and scientific papers, presenting findings at scientific meetings and conferences, and supervising the work of staff
• studying the forms and structures of bodily organs and tissues by systematic observation, dissection and microscopic examination
• investigating the chemical structure and function of living cells and their isolated components, organs and tissues in humans, animals, plants, and micro-organisms
• examing micro-organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, yeast and their enzymes, and using the knowledge gained to create and develop new, and improve existing, products, materials and processes
• investigating the effects of environmental factors, such as rainfall, temperature, sunlight, soil, topography and disease, on plant growth
• planning and undertaking experiments to study, measure and understand marine animals and plants
• studying the growth and characteristics of micro-organisms, such as bacteria, algae and fungi, and the effects they have on plants, animals and humans to develop medical, veterinary, industrial, environmental and other practical applications
• investigating the interrelationships between animals in their natural surroundings, in captivity and in laboratories

Specialisations:
Enzyme Chemist
Protein Chemist

Occupation: 241511 - Special Needs Teacher

Teaches academic and living skills to primary, middle or intermediate, and secondary school students with particular learning difficulties using various techniques, and promotes students' social, emotional, intellectual and physical development. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• assessing students' abilities and limitations with regard to intellectual, physical, social and emotional disabilities, exceptional intellectual gifts, or specific problems of language and culture
• planning, organising and implementing special programs to provide remedial or advanced tuition
• administering various forms of assessment and interpreting the results
• teaching basic academic subjects, and practical and self-help skills to hearing and sight impaired students
• devising instructional materials, methods and aids to assist in training and rehabilitation
• advising, instructing and counselling parents and teachers on the availability and use of special techniques
• stimulating and developing interests, abilities, manual skills and coordination
• conferring with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons for special needs students
• preparing and maintaining student data and other records and submitting reports

Specialisations:
Behaviour Support Teacher
Remedial Teacher
Teacher of Gifted Students

Occupation: 224712 - Organisation & Methods Analyst

(Procedures Analyst)

Studies organisational structures, methods, systems and procedures.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification and at least 5 years of relevant experience may substitute for the formal qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• assisting and encouraging the development of objectives, strategies and plans aimed at achieving customer satisfaction and the efficient use of organisations' resources
• discussing business and organisational shortcomings with clients
• analysing and evaluating current systems and structures
• discussing current systems with staff and observing systems at all levels of organisation
• directing clients towards more efficient organisation and developing solutions to organisational problems
• undertaking and reviewing work studies by analysing existing and proposed methods and procedures such as administrative and clerical procedures
• recording and analysing organisations' work flow charts, records, reports, manuals and job descriptions
• preparing and recommending proposals to revise methods and procedures, alter work flows, redefine job functions and resolve organisational problems
• assisting in implementing approved recommendations, issuing revised instructions and procedure manuals, and drafting other documentation
• reviewing operatng procedures and advising of departures from procedures and standards

Specialisations:
Change Management Facilitator
Industry Analyst
Quality Auditor
Skills Auditor

Occupation: 231199 - Air Transport Professionals nec

This occupation group covers Air Transport Professionals not elsewhere classified.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is to have a level of skill commensurate with an AQF Diploma or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification. Aeroplane and Helicopter Pilots require a prescribed minimum amount of flying experience in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1). Registration or licensing is required.

Tasks Include:

• preparing and submitting flight plans giving consideration to factors such as weather conditions and aircraft performance
• flying aircraft in accordance with established air traffic control and aircraft operating procedures
• providing flight information for flight crews and air traffic services staff
• controlling aircraft movements, and directing aircraft taxiing, take-offs and landings by radio
• providing pre-flight briefings and aeronautical information services
• completing cockpit preparations and external inspections to determine that aircraft are acceptable for flight
• monitoring aircraft performance and reporting on mechanical condition
• giving in-flight instruction, supervising solo flights, accompanying students on training flights and demonstrating techniques for controlling aircraft

Occupations in this group include:
Aircraft Navigator
Air Observer (Rescue)
Airworthiness Surveyor
Balloonist
Flight Engineer Inspector
Navigator (Air Force)

Occupation: 233211 - Civil Engineer

Plans, designs, organises and oversees the construction and operation of dams, bridges, pipelines, gas and water supply schemes, sewerage systems, airports and other civil engineering projects. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• determining construction methods, materials and quality standards, and drafting and interpreting specifications, drawings, plans, construction methods and procedures
• organising and directing site labour and the delivery of construction materials, plant and equipment, and establishing detailed programs for the coordination of site activities
• obtaining soil and rock samples at different depths across sites and testing samples to determine strength, compressibility and other factors that affect the behaviour of soil and rock when a structure is imposed and determining the safe loading for the soil
• studying architectural and engineering drawings and specifications to estimate total costs, and preparing detailed cost plans and estimates as tools to assist in budgetary control
• monitoring changes to designs, assessing effects on cost, and measuring, valuing and negotiating variations to designs
• analysing structural systems for both static and dynamic loads
• designing structures to ensure they do not collapse, bend, twist or vibrate in undesirable ways
• assessing present and future travel flow patterns taking into account population increase and needs change
• designing the physical aspects of transportation systems such as highways, railroads, urban transit, air transportation, logistical supply systems and their terminals

Specialisations:
Airfield Engineer Officer (Air Force)
Hydraulics Engineer

Occupation: 233915 - Environmental Engineer

Assesses the impact on air, water, soil and noise levels in the vicinity of engineering projects, plans and designs equipment and processes for the treatment and safe disposal of waste material, and assesses what may cause problems for the environment in the long-term. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Occupation: 234515 - Botanist

Studies the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and ecology of plants.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• designing and conducting experiments, making observations and measurements, researching information, analysing data, preparing or supervising the preparation of laboratory reports and scientific papers, presenting finding at scientific meetings and conferences, and supervising the work of staff
• studying the forms and structures of bodily organs and tissues by systematic observation, dissection and microscopic examination
• investigating the chemical structure and function of living cells and their isolated components, organs and tissues in humans, animals, plants, and micro-organisms
• examing micro-organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, yeast and their enzymes, and using the knowledge gained to create and develop new, and improve existing, products, materials and processes
• investigating the effects of environmental factors, such as rainfall, temperature, sunlight, soil, topography and disease, on plant growth
• planning and undertaking experiments to study, measure and understand marine animals and plants
• studying the growth and characteristics of micro-organisms, such as bacteria, algae and fungi, and the effects they have on plants, animals and humans to develop medical, veterinary, industrial, environmental and other practical applications
• investigating the interrelationships between animals in their natural surroundings, in captivity and in laboratories

Specialisations:
Plant Morphologist
Plant Pathologist
Plant Physiologist
Plant Taxonomist

Occupation: 241512 - Teacher of the Hearing Impaired

Teaches academic and living skills to hearing impaired students, and promotes students' social, emotional, intellectual and physical development. Registration or licensing is required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• assessing students' abilities and limitations with regard to intellectual, physical, social and emotional disabilities, exceptional intellectual gifts, or specific problems of language and culture
• planning, organising and implementing special programs to provide remedial or advanced tuition
• administering various forms of assessment and interpreting the results
• teaching basic academic subjects, and practical and self-help skills to hearing and sight impaired students
• devising instructional materials, methods and aids to assist in training and rehabilitation
• advising, instructing and counselling parents and teacher on the availability and use of special techniques
• stimulating and developing interest, abilities, manual skills and coordination
• conferring with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons for special needs students
• preparing and maintaining student data and other records and submitting reports

Occupation: 224911 - Electorate Officer

Manages the electorate officer of a politician, and liaises with constituents and the media on their behalf.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification and at least 5 years of relevant experience may substitute for the formal qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1). Registration or licensing may be required.

Occupation: 231211 - Master Fisher

Controls a fishing vessel and fishing operations to catch and preserve fish, crustacea and molluscs.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is an AQF Diploma or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1). Registration or licensing is required.

Tasks Include:

• directing fishing operations by using knowledge about the species sought, fishing areas, seasons and the capabilities of the vessel and crew
• directing crew in catching fish, molluscs and crustacea at varying depths using nets, lines, poles, pots and traps
• planning, controlling and coordinating the operational and maintenance requirements of a ship's propulsion and domestic plant and equipment
• operating plant and equipment and performing routine maintenance on ship's systems including mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, steam generating, and fire prevention and control systems
• controlling and directing shipping operations to ensure the safe and efficient loading and transport of cargo and passengers
• ensuring compliance with regulations pertaining to safety at sea and protection of the marine environment
• directing the activities of the deck crew for navigational support tasks, berthing and unberthing, maintenance, cleaning and painting of superstructures, and repair and replacement of defective deck gear and equipment
• navigating a ship by supervising the ship's course and speed according to predetermined passage plans and safety procedures
• examining and approving design plans of hulls and equipment such as main propulsion engines, auxiliary boilers and turbines, electrical power generating plant, refrigeration and airconditioning plant and pumping systems
• conducting periodic surveys throughout a ship's life to ensure standards are maintained

Occupation: 233212 - Geotechnical Engineer

Plans, directs and conducts survey work to analyse the likely behaviour of soil and rock when placed under pressure by proposed structures, and designs above and below ground foundations. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• determining construction methods, materials and quality standards, and drafting and interpreting specifications, drawings, plans, construction methods and procedures
• organising and directing site labour and the delivery of construction materials, plant and equipment, and establishing detailed programs for the coordination of site activities
• obtaining soil and rock samples at different depths across sites and testing samples to determine strength, compressibility and other factors that affect the behaviour of soil and rock when a structure is imposed and determining the safe loading for the soil
• studying architectural and engineering drawings and specifications to estimate total costs, and preparing detailed cost plans and estimates as tools to assist in budgetary control
• monitoring changes to designs, assessing effects on cost, and measuring, valuing and negotiating variations to designs
• analysing structural systems for both static and dynamic loads
• designing structures to ensure they do not collapse, bend, twist or vibrate in undesirable ways
• assessing present and future travel flow patterns taking into account population increase and needs change
• designing the physical aspects of transportation systems such as highways, railroads, urban transit, air transportation, logistical supply systems and their terminals

Occupation: 233916 - Naval Architect

Designs and oversees the construction and repair of marine craft and floating structures. Registration or licensing may be required.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Occupation: 234516 - Marine Biologist

Studies the anatomy, physiology, functions, characteristics, behaviour and environments of all forms of life living in the sea and connected water bodies.

Skill Level:
The entry requirement for this occupation is a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).

Tasks Include:

• designing and conducting experiments, making observations and measurements, researching information, analysing data, preparing or supervising the preparation of laboratory reports and scientific papers, presenting findings at scientific meetings and conferences, and supervising the work of staff
• studying the forms and structures of bodily organs and tissues by systematic observation, dissection and microscopic examination
• investigating the chemical structure and function of living cells and their isolated components, organs and tissues in humans, animals, plants, and micro-organisms
• examing micro-organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, yeast and their enzymes, and using the knowledge gained to create and develop new, and improve existing, products, materials and processes
• investigating the effects of environmental factors, such as rainfall, temperature, sunlight, soil, topography and disease, on plant growth
• planning and undertaking experiments to study, measure and understand marine animals and plants
• studying the growth and characteristics of micro-organisms, such as bacteria, algae and fungi, and the effects they have on plants, animals and humans to develop medical, veterinary, industrial, environmental and other practical applications
• investigating the interrelationships between animals in their natural surroundings, in captivity and in laboratories